科研动态

信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗属于第三代疫苗，具有抗原表达效率高、安全性高、免疫原性强、可编译性强，以及制备工艺简单、易规模化生产和针对病原体变异有效性高等技术优势，在新冠疫情防控中被视作一种革命性的疫苗技术。但mRNA 疫苗稳定性差，传递效率低，在临床应用方面受到很大限制。因此，当前及未来的研究主要集中在保证疫苗安全性的前提下，设计先进和可耐受的递送系统，来提高抗原表达和提呈的效率，以及优化mRNA结构，达到延长和控制表达持续时间的目的。本文从mRNA疫苗的分类、作用机制、技术优势、递送系统4个方面，对mRNA疫苗免疫学机制研究进行综述，旨在为mRNA疫苗研发工作提供参考。

Advances in the Immunological Mechanism of mRNA Vaccine

Messenger ribonucleic acid（mRNA）vaccine，as the third generation vaccine，is characterized by high antigen expression efficiency and safety，strong immunogenicity and compiling，simple preparation technology，intensive production and high efficiency against pathogen variation，and has been regarded as a revolutionary vaccine technology in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However，the mRNA vaccine is with poor stability and low transmission efficiency，which is greatly limited in clinical application. Therefore，advanced and tolerable delivery systems should be designed to improve the efficiency of antigen expression and presentation，to optimize the structure of mRNA and thus to prolong and control the duration of expression，provided that safety of the vaccine could be safeguarded. The immunological mechanism of mRNA vaccine was summarized in the paper from the aspects of classification，action mechanism，technical advantages and delivery system of the vaccine，with a view to providing a reference for future development of the vaccine.

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