科研动态

牛白血病是牛白血病病毒（bovine leukemia virus，BLV）感染引起的牛最常见的肿瘤性疾病之一，对养牛业和人类健康的潜在威胁较大。本文分别从病原学、流行现状、危害及潜在风险、诊断和防控策略等方面概述了BLV及其引发疾病的研究进展。BLV自首次发现以来，已广泛流行于世界各国，并很容易跨物种传播，且所有感染动物都会终身带毒，引起广泛的免疫功能异常，从而导致产奶量降低、产肉量下降和动物流产。此外，有实验已证实了在人类乳腺癌、肺癌组织和部分人类血液中有BLV的存在。目前尚无有效治疗和预防BLV感染的药物和疫苗，因此准确诊断和清除BLV感染牛是控制牛白血病最有效的措施之一。目前常用的诊断方法包括血清学抗体检测和前病毒DNA检测，主要的防控策略包括净化、通用的牧场管理与生物安全防护以及阻断向人类传播的途径。综上所述，应严格落实上述防控策略，加强诊断方法研究和监测，做到早发现早处理。

Study on the Hazards of Bovine Leukemia Virus and Relevant Control Measures

As one of the common neoplastic diseases in cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus（BLV），bovine leukemia has posed a great threat to cattle industry and human health. In this paper，the research progress on BLV and corresponding disease caused therefrom was summarized in terms of etiology，prevalence status，hazards and potential risks，diagnosis，prevention and control measures，etc. BLV has been widely spread all over the world since it was first found，which is prone to cross-species transmission，and is carried by all infected animals all life，resulting in abnormal immunity and causing the reduction of milk and meat production as well as abortion. In addition，it was confirmed by some experiments that BLV appeared in human breast cancer tissue，lung cancer tissue and some of human blood. However，no effective drugs or vaccines were available to prevent and control BLV infection，so the most effective measure was to accurately diagnosis and eliminate all infected cattle. Serological antibody detection and proviral DNA detection were commonly used at present，and the prevention and control measures mainly included disease purification，general management and bio-safety protection of pastures，and blocking all pathways of human infection. In short，it was necessary to implement the above mentioned measures，strengthen the monitoring of BLV，so as to guarantee“early detection and early disposal”.

全文下载链接：https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDAUTO&filename=ZGDW202007017&v=MDMwMDNQZWJHNEhOSE1xSTlFWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVI3cWZZT2RvRnl6a1VMN01QeXI=