科研动态

冠状病毒在自然界中普遍存在，可感染多种哺乳动物和鸟类，给畜牧业生产安全和副猪嗜血杆菌病发病率和死亡率较高，给养猪业造成了严重损失。为及时确诊该病，本文从细菌分离鉴定、血清学检测和分子生物学检测3个方面，对副猪嗜血杆菌实验室诊断方法的研究进展及其优缺点进行了综述。细菌分离鉴定特异性较强，但操作复杂、用时长、所需仪器多，无法满足快速检测需求；酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、间接血凝试验（IHA）和补体结合试验（CF）3种血清学检测方法操作简便、快速，但特异性和敏感性不高，主要适用于早期诊断和筛查。近年来，分子生物技术快速发展，已建立了PCR、荧光定量PCR、数字PCR和环介导等温扩增（LAMP）等多种分子生物学检测方法。这些分子生物学检测方法敏感、快速、特异和稳定，其中PCR、荧光定量PCR已广泛应用于实践中，而数字PCR和LAMP检测技术尚需进一步优化。多种特异性好、灵敏度高、重复性好、检测快速的实验室检测方法的建立和改进，为副猪嗜血杆菌病检测和流行病学调查提供了有效的技术支撑。

Laboratory Testing Technologies for Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis has brought huge losses to pig industry due to its high morbidity and mortality. In order to confirm the disease timely，the research progress on relevant laboratory testing technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages were summarized from the aspects of isolation and identification of bacteria，serological detection and molecular biological detection. Specifically，the method of isolation and identification of bacteria was with strong specificity，but was complex and time-consuming for operation，which would require for more instruments and fail to meet the needs of rapid detection；the serological methods including enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA），indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）and complement fixation test（CF）were simple and rapid，mainly appropriate for early diagnosis and screening，but their specificity and sensitivity were relatively low. In recent years，with rapid development of molecular biotechnology，a variety of molecular biological methods including PCR，fluorescence quantitative PCR，digital PCR and loop mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）had been established，which were sensitive，rapid，specific and stable，especially，PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR had been widely used in practice. But digital PCR and LAMP still needed to be further optimized. In conclusion，an effective technical support was provided for detection of the disease and epidemiological investigation through establishing and improving a variety of laboratory testing methods with the advantages of good specificity and repeatability，high sensitivity and rapid detection speed.

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