科研动态

2020年2月，我国香港报道了新冠肺炎（COVID-19）患者家养的宠物犬感染了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2），这引起了人们对犬冠状病毒的关注。为有助于人们全面了解犬冠状病毒，做好犬冠状病毒病防治，本文从病原学与流行病学、临床症状以及诊断和防治措施等方面进行了综述。犬冠状病毒在犬群中广泛存在，主要包括α冠状病毒属的犬肠炎冠状病毒和β冠状病毒属的犬呼吸道冠状病毒。犬冠状病毒致病性不强，引起的临床症状通常较轻，但对幼犬或与犬细小病毒、犬瘟热病毒等发生混合感染时，会引起较严重症状，且易发生突变，产生新的变异毒株，具有致病性增强的风险。目前，犬冠状病毒检测方法主要包括病原学检测、血清学检测以及RT-PCR、qRT-PCR、纳米PCR等分子生物学检测。犬冠状病毒感染的防治主要通过疫苗免疫以及科学饲养管理、卫生消毒和对症治疗等综合措施。虽然犬可感染SARS-CoV-2，但尚不清楚感染犬是否可将病毒再传染给其他动物或人类。因此，应加强犬冠状病毒的病原生态学研究和监测预警。

Research Progress on Canine Coronavirus

In February 2020，it was reported in Hongkong，China，that a pet dog kept by a patient confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）was infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2），which caused the concern about canine coronavirus. In order to fully understand the study on canine coronavirus，prevent and control the disease，the etiology and epidemiology，clinical symptoms，measures of diagnosis and control were summarized in the paper. The canine coronavirus was widely distributed in dog populations，mainly including canine enteritis coronavirus of Alphacoronavirus and canine respiratory coronavirus of Betacoronavirus. The canine coronavirus was with poor pathogenicity，which could cause slightly clinical symptoms，but would be more serious and likely to mutate to new mutant strains when mixed infection of it with canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus occurred，with the risk of increasing pathogenicity. At present，the detection methods for canine coronavirus were mainly including pathogen detection，serological detection，and molecular biological detection methods such as RT-PCR，qRT-PCR and Nano PCR. Canine coronavirus could be controlled by a series of comprehensive measures including vaccination，scientific feeding and management，disinfection and symptomatic treatment，etc. It was still unclear whether the virus could be spread to other animals or human via the infected dogs，although dogs could be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore，it was necessary to strengthen study on pathogenic ecology as well as monitoring and early warning against the virus.

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