科研动态

近年来，环境DNA（eDNA）应用发展迅速，已涉及食品微生物、生物监测、群落生态学、古环境研究、保护生物学和入侵生态学等多个领域。基于eDNA的研究手段具有非侵入性、易于取样和能够探测隐秘物种等优点，因此eDNA是生态系统广泛直接取样的一种有吸引力的替代品。本文综述了eDNA的定义和发展历史，介绍了DNA条形码选择和设计、样品收集、DNA抽提、DNA扩增测序、DNA条形码数据分析等eDNA研究步骤，描述了eDNA在外来物种入侵、物种检测、生物量估算、水中生态系统监测等领域的应用，总结出eDNA研究中存在的问题，并展望该方法的应用前景。本文为全面了解eDNA的应用提供了参考。

Research Progress on the Application of Environmental DNA

In recent years，environmental DNA（eDNA）has been widely used in various fields，including food microbiology，biological monitoring，community ecology，study on palaeo-environment，conservation biology and invasion ecology，etc. As the study methods of eDNA were advantaged by non-invasiveness，convenience for sampling and detection of cryptic species，eDNA could be considered as an attractive alternative to extensive direct sampling in ecological system. In this paper，its definition and development history were summarized；the study steps were introduced from the aspects of DNA barcode selection and design，sample collection，DNA extraction，DNA amplification and sequencing，and analysis on DNA barcode data；then its application in such fields as alien species invasion，species detection，biomass estimation and aquatic ecosystem monitoring，was described；all problems encountered during the above steps were summarized，and its application prospect was prospected. The review provided some references to fully learn the application of eDNA.

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