科研动态

为了解湖南省养殖场户牛结节性皮肤病（LSD）防控情况，2021年11—12月以在线问卷调查方式，对湖南省10个市州188个牛养殖场户的养殖情况、养殖方式以及LSD知晓情况、免疫与治疗情况进行问卷调查。结果显示：参与调查的牛养殖场户中，存栏小于50头的占69.68%；27.66%、45.21%的场户分别采用散养、散养圈养混合饲养方式；6.91%的场户只进行外购犊牛育肥，35.11%采用自繁自养联合外购犊牛育肥。13.92%场户的外购牛群直接与养殖场内牛群混养，不进行隔离；94.68%的场户知晓LSD，其中89.36%认为LSD可以治疗；26.06%的场户出现过疑似LSD症状；59.57%的场户进行了全群LSD免疫，9.57%进行了部分牛群免疫；96.15%的场户免疫后未再出现疑似症状，12.31%免疫后有轻微副反应。结果表明：湖南省牛养殖以小规模为主，饲养方式较为传统，存在一定的LSD传入发生风险，但养殖场户具备一定的防疫意识，LSD知晓率较高，能够主动采取免疫、隔离、治疗等预防和控制措施，能够及时发现疑似病例，因此总体发生风险可控。今后需要继续加强免疫、调运监管和防控宣传，有效控制该病的传入和流行。

Questionnaire on the Prevalence and Control of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle Farms in Hunan Province

In order to investigate the prevalence and control of lumpy skin disease（LSD）in Hunan Province，188 cattle farms/households in 10 cities/prefectures in the province were investigated by online questionnaire on their situations and modes of breeding，as well as awareness，vacciantion and treatment against LSD from November to December 2021. The results showed that，in the investigation，small-scale farms/households with an inventory＜50 cattle accounted for 69.68%，those with the modes of free-ranging and mixed free-ranging with captive breeding were 27.66% and 45.21%，respectively，those only fattening purchased calves were 6.91%，and those with self-support in combination with purchasing calves were 35.11%. 13.92% farms/households mixed their original cattle with the purchased ones without any quarantine；94.68% awared of LSD，of which，89.36% agreed LSD could be treated；26.06% occurred suspected LSD symptoms；59.57% implemented vaccination against LSD for all population，9.57% for some population，and after vaccination，96.15% were absent from suspected symptoms，and 12.31% showed mild side effects. In conclusion，small-scale breeding played a main role in the province with relatively traditional mode，which brought a certain risk for spreading LSD. However，a certain awareness of disease control was observed in the farms/households where LSD was well known，so preventive and control measures such as vaccination，quarantine and treatment could be actively taken to find any suspected cases in time. Therefore，the risk of disease occurrence was controllable in general. To this end，it was recommended that supervision for vaccination and transportation should be further strengthened to effectively control any introduction or prevalence of the disease.

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