科研动态

目前，已知感染猪群的冠状病毒有6种，分别是猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）、猪呼吸道冠状病毒（PRCV）、猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（SADS-CoV）、猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（PHEV）和猪δ冠状病毒（PDCoV）。在冠状病毒科α、β、γ、δ等4个属中，PEDV、TGEV、PRCV、SADS-CoV均为α冠状病毒，PHEV为β冠状病毒，PDCoV为δ冠状病毒。PRCV在临床上引发仔猪呼吸道症状，PHEV感染会造成仔猪呕吐和神经症状，其他4种病毒均可引起猪群腹泻。

中国动物卫生与流行病学中心对2011年以来收集自全国16个省份的2 915份临床腹泻猪群样品（肠道、粪便等）进行了PEDV、TGEV检测，检出PEDV阳性1 223份、TGEV阳性109份，PEDV、TGEV检出率分别为41.96%、3.74%；对2014年以来收集自14个省份的12 430份临床健康猪组织样品（淋巴结、扁桃体等）进行了PEDV检测，检出阳性325份，检出率为2.61%。针对引发新型冠状病毒肺炎的病原2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV），对2018—2019年收集自15个省份的2 658份生猪组织样品开展了追溯性检测，结果均为阴性。

对2019-nCoV与猪源冠状病毒的亲缘关系进行了分析。基于全基因组的遗传进化分析表明：2019-nCoV与同为β冠状病毒属的PHEV核苷酸同源性仅为54%，与α、δ属猪源冠状病毒亲缘关系更远。基于以上数据与分析，可初步排除2019-nCoV来源于已知猪源冠状病毒的可能性

Brief Report on the Surveillance of Swine-origin Coronaviruses

Currently，there are six kinds of coronaviruses known to infect pigs，namely porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV），transmissible gastroenteritis virus（TGEV），porcine respiratory coronavirus（PRCV），swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus（SADS-CoV），porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus（PHEV），porcine deltacoronavirus（PDCoV）. Among the four genera of the family Coronaviridae，PEDV，TGEV，PRCV and SADS-CoV belong to Alphacoronavirus，PHEV belongs to Betacoronavirus，PDCoV belongs to Deltacoronavirus. Clinically，PRCV causes respiratory symptoms in piglets，PHEV leads to vomit and neurological symptoms in piglets，while the other four kinds of viruses cause diarrhea in swine.

Since 2011，a total of 2 915 samples（intestines or feces）of pigs with diarrhea symptom from 15 provinces in China have been tested for PEDV and TGEV by China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center，and 1 223 samples were PEDV-positive and 109 were TGEV-positive. The proportion of PEDV-positive samples and that of TGEV-positive samples of all the sample tested were 41.96%，3.74% respectively. Since 2014，a total of 12 430 tissue（lymph nodes or tonsils）samples of pigs in slaughterhouses from 14 provinces have been tested for PEDV，and 325 samples were PEDV-positive，the proportion of which was 2.61%. Retrospective detection of 2019-nCoV，which causes novel coronavirus pneumonia，was undertaken. A total of 2 658 tissue samples of pigs collected from 15 provinces during 2018 to 2019 were tested to be all 2019-nCoV negative.

The homology between 2019-nCoV and swine-origin coronaviruses was analyzed. The phylogenetic evolutionary analysis based on genome indicated that the nucleotide homology between 2019-nCoV and PHEV both of which belong to Betacoronavirus was only 54%，the other swine-origin coronaviruses which belong to Alphacoronavirus or Deltacoronavirus exhibited a longer genetic distance from 2019-nCoV. According to the data and analysis above，the possibility of 2019-nCoV originating from the known swine-origin coronaviruses could be preliminarily ruled out.

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