科研动态

冠状病毒在自然界中普遍存在，可感染多种哺乳动物和鸟类，给畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全带来严重威胁。自北京新发地批发市场从切割进口三文鱼案板上检测到人新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）核酸以来，三文鱼以及水生动物冠状病毒与SARS-CoV-2的关系成为公众关注的焦点。本文详细描述了白鲸、宽吻海豚、三文鱼等水生动物感染冠状病毒后的临床症状，以及病毒基因组结构特征，并对水生动物冠状病毒与SARS-CoV-2进行了遗传演化分析，结果显示目前已知的水生动物冠状病毒属于γ冠状病毒属和Alphaletovirus属，而SARS-CoV-2属于β冠状病毒属，二者基因组和主要基因（1ab、S、E、M、N）核苷酸同源性仅为43.7%~54.1%，可初步排除SARS-CoV-2来源于已知水生动物冠状病毒的可能性。本文通过系统阐述水生动物冠状病毒感染状况，旨在进一步提高公众对水生动物冠状病毒的认知，为科学防控冠状病毒提供理论依据。

Research Progress on Coronaviruses in Aquatic Animals

Coronavirus is widely prevalent in nature and may infect a variety of mammals and birds，which poses a serious threat to the safety of animal husbandry and public health. The relationship between coronaviruses in aquatic animals including salmon and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）has been concerned by the public since the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 was detected on the cutting board for imported salmon in Beijing Xinfadi wholesale market. In this paper，the clinical symptoms of infected aquatic animals such as belugas，bottlenose dolphins and salmon，as well as the structural features of viral genome were described in detail，the genetic evolution of coronaviruses in aquatic animals and SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. The results showed that the known coronaviruses in aquatic animals belonged to Gammacoronavirus and Alphaletovirus，while SARS-CoV-2 fell into Betacoronavirus，and the nucleotide homology of their genomes and major genes（1ab，S，E，M and N）was 43.7% to 54.1%，which could exclude any possibility of SARS-CoV-2 originating from the known coronaviruses. The infection status of coronaviruses in aquatic animals was systematically described in this paper，hoping to further improve public awareness and provide theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of coronavirus.

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