科研动态

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）给世界养猪生产造成了巨大经济损失。对PRRS的精准检测以及疫苗的科学使用是临床PRRS防控的重中之重。为此，本文综述了PRRS检测技术和疫苗研发进展，以期为临床PRRS综合防控提供依据。目前临床上检测PRRS的主要技术包括血清抗体ELISA检测以及各种类型的RT-PCR检测技术。ELISA检测以评价疫苗免疫效果或野毒感染情况为主要目的，RT-PCR检测以临床诊断及调查野毒株类型为主要目的。在疫苗方面，目前市场上主要有活疫苗、灭活苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗以及载体疫苗等不同类型的单苗以及联苗。其中：活疫苗保护效果较好，但交叉保护不强；灭活苗安全性较高，但免疫效力较差；亚单位疫苗可用于妊娠晚期；DNA疫苗可增强活疫苗的保护效果；载体疫苗虽具有部分保护力，但未进行实际应用。目前依旧没有完全符合国际新一代标准的PRRS疫苗上市。因此，通过科学检测以及将生物安全和合理的疫苗接种结合起来，进行田间毒株的检测和基因分析，进而选择相应基因型毒株疫苗进行免疫，对控制农场以及地区的PRRS具有非常重要的作用。

Research Progress of the Diagnostic Techniques and Vaccines for PRRS

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome（PRRS）has brought huge economic losses to pig production in the world，which should be prevented and controlled with the top priority of accurate detection and scientific application of vaccines. At present，the main techniques to diagnose PRRS included serum antibody ELISA assay and various RT-PCR assays. The former aims to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines or wild virus infection，while the latter focuses on clinical diagnosis and investigation of wild virus strains. For vaccines，all kinds of single and combined vaccines are available in markets，including live vaccines，inactivated vaccines，subunit vaccines，DNA vaccines，vector vaccines，etc.，specifically，live vaccines are with good effect but poor cross protective immunity；inactivated vaccines are with high safety but poor immune effect；subunit vaccines can be used in late pregnancy；DNA vaccines can increase the protection effect of live vaccines；and vector vaccines have not been applied in practice although they are with partial protective immunity. No any vaccines against PRRS that fully meet the new international standards have been available till now. Therefore，it will be very crucial to control PRRS in farms or regions through scientific diagnosis and combination of bio-safety and reasonable vaccination to detect field strains and analyze their genes，and then to vaccinate with corresponding vaccines.

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